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Introduction Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that were widely used in electrical equipment, hydraulic systems, and other industrial applications before being banned in the United States in 1979 under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Despite the ban, PCBs remain present in many older buildings and industrial sites, posing significant environmental and health…
Abstract This paper explores the critical design considerations for implementing magnetic components (inductors and transformers) using printed circuit board (PCB) windings in high-frequency power electronics applications. As switching frequencies continue to increase in modern power conversion systems—reaching into the MHz range—traditional wire-wound magnetic components face significant challenges related to skin and proximity effects, parasitic capacitance,…
“Discover how surface mount PCB components streamline compact circuit designs through space-efficient layouts, rapid assembly, and improved reliability. Learn SMT technology’s role in boosting electronics manufacturing productivity.”
Introduction In high-speed printed circuit board (PCB) design, signal integrity (SI), power integrity (PI), and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) are critical factors that determine the performance of electronic systems. Among the various elements that influence these factors, vias play a crucial yet often misunderstood role. Vias are conductive pathways that connect different layers of a PCB,…
Introduction In the rapidly evolving world of electronics, flexible printed circuit boards (Flex PCBs) have become increasingly important due to their unique advantages over traditional rigid PCBs. These thin, lightweight circuits can bend and fold to fit into compact or irregularly shaped devices, making them ideal for modern applications like wearable technology, medical devices, and…
Introduction to Ceramic RF PCBs Radio Frequency (RF) printed circuit boards (PCBs) represent a specialized category of circuit boards designed to operate at high frequencies, typically ranging from a few megahertz (MHz) to several gigahertz (GHz) and beyond. Among the various substrate materials available for RF applications, ceramic-based PCBs have emerged as a superior solution…
Introduction to Ceramic Hybrid PCBs In the rapidly evolving world of electronics, Ceramic Hybrid Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) have emerged as a groundbreaking solution for high-performance applications. These advanced circuit boards combine the superior properties of ceramic materials with traditional PCB technologies to create substrates that outperform conventional FR4 boards in demanding environments. Ceramic hybrid…
Introduction to Ceramic Capacitors Ceramic capacitors are among the most widely used passive components in modern printed circuit board (PCB) designs. These versatile components serve critical functions in electronic circuits, including decoupling, filtering, timing, and energy storage. Characterized by their small size, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, ceramic capacitors have become indispensable in virtually all electronic devices,…
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