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Impedance Control in PCB Design: Principles, Techniques, and Best Practices
Introduction Impedance control is a critical aspect of modern printed circuit board (PCB) design, especially in high-speed digital and high-frequency analog applications. As signal speeds increase, maintaining consistent impedance across transmission lines becomes essential to ensure signal integrity, minimize reflections, and reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI). This article explores the fundamentals of impedance control, its importance,…