In PCBA production, it is often easy to tackling tin at the tail end of the device. In order to avoid this defect in production, a pair of pads without electrical properties need to be added to the tail of the device during design, which is the tin-stealing pad. Its function is to guide the…
Engineers have all come into contact with impedance, but few engineers can explain impedance clearly. Impedance seems simple, but it is actually difficult to express.Below we use a quick question and answer method to help you understand impedance easily! 01 Q: What is impedance? A: In a circuit with resistance, inductance and capacitance, the obstruction…
In electronic devices, power modules are core components that convert input DC voltage into various DC voltages required by the device. DC-DC power converters, especially those based on switching mode, are widely used due to their high efficiency, small size and light weight. However, it is not easy to design an excellent DC-DC power converter….
01 Introduction The resistivity of copper is determined by its crystal structure, void volume, grain boundaries and material interface mismatch, and increases significantly with size reduction. Typically, the manufacturing process of copper wires is to etch trench patterns in low-dielectric silicon dioxide using a trench etching process, and then fill the trenches with copper through…
Designing excellent PCBs requires not only innovative design concepts, but also a deep understanding of PCB processes. As a key link in PCB design, via design is crucial to the manufacture and performance of PCBs. In this article, we will analyze PCB via design to help electronic engineers complete hardware research and development more efficiently….
For novice electronic engineers, especially those who have never been exposed to PCB board making, when they hear the terms Gerber file, solder mask opening window, green oil and black oil, steel mesh opening, and exporting Gerber files to the board factory, they may be a little confused. Don’t be afraid. Below I will analyze…
When placing an order for a PCB, you will see two options related to solder mask: solder mask color and solder mask coverage. As shown in the figure below. As the name suggests, these two options are closely related to solder mask. As one of the key steps in PCB design and manufacturing, solder mask…
Regarding the simulation of optical modules, we have simulated optical modules from 10GE to 1.6TE. Many customers initially wanted to see the eye diagram, but after our explanation, they finally agreed to perform passive simulation according to the protocol. Today, let’s talk about why we only simulate the passive method instead of the active method…
To do high-speed PCB design, you must first understand the following basic concepts, which are the foundation. 1.What is electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)? (Electromagnetic Interference), there are two types of conducted interference and radiated interference. Conducted interference refers to the coupling (interference) of a signal on an electrical network to another electrical…
1.How to choose PCB material? The selection of PCB material must strike a balance between meeting design requirements and mass production and cost The design requirements include electrical and mechanical parts Usually, this material issue is more important when designing very high-speed PCB boards (frequencies greater than GHz) For example, the dielectric loss of the…
I. Technical requirements of aluminum substrate The main technical requirements are: Dimension requirements, including board size and deviation, thickness and deviation, verticality and warpage; appearance, including requirements for cracks, scratches, burrs and delamination, aluminum oxide film, etc.; performance, including peel strength, surface resistivity, minimum breakdown voltage, dielectric constant, flammability and thermal resistance. Special testing methods…
In any switching power supply design, the physical design of the PCB board is the last link. If the design method is not appropriate, the PCB may radiate too much electromagnetic interference, causing the power supply to work unstable. The following is an analysis of the matters that need to be paid attention to in…
Perhaps we will wonder, the substrate of the circuit board has copper foil only on two sides, and the middle is an insulating layer, so do they not need to be connected between the two sides or multiple layers of the circuit board? How can the lines on both sides be connected together to allow…
1.High heat generation devices plus heat sinks and heat conducting plates When there are a few devices on the PCB that generate a lot of heat (less than 3), a heat sink or heat pipe can be added to the heat generating device. When the temperature cannot be lowered, a heat sink with a fan…
Differential lines are a very important part of signal lines in PCB design, and the signal processing requirements are also quite strict. Today, I will introduce the principle of differential signals and their processing methods in PCB design. 1.What is differential signal Differential transmission is a signal transmission technology. Different from the traditional method of…
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