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PCB Design: Should Via Holes Be Covered with Solder Mask or Left Open?
ByGrace June 2, 2025May 30, 2025
Introduction In printed circuit board (PCB) design, the treatment of via holes—whether to cover them with solder mask (tenting) or leave them open (non-tenting)—is a subject of ongoing debate among designers and engineers. This decision affects manufacturing processes, reliability, signal integrity, and cost. As PCBs continue to evolve with higher densities and more complex designs,…
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Can Vias Be Placed on Pads in PCB Design?
ByGrace June 2, 2025May 30, 2025
Introduction Printed Circuit Board (PCB) design involves numerous critical decisions that affect signal integrity, manufacturability, and reliability. One common debate among PCB designers is whether vias should be placed directly on pads (also known as via-in-pad). Traditionally, vias were kept away from pads to avoid soldering issues, but modern manufacturing techniques have made via-in-pad a…
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Why Should Power Planes Be Shrunk Relative to Ground Planes in PCB Design?
ByGrace June 2, 2025May 30, 2025
Abstract In printed circuit board (PCB) design, the power integrity and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) are critical factors that influence the performance and reliability of electronic systems. One common design practice is to shrink (or “pull back”) the power plane relative to the ground plane, a technique known as “power plane indentation” or “20-H rule.” This…
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Understanding First-Order and Second-Order PCB in HDI Manufacturing Processes
ByGrace June 2, 2025May 30, 2025
Introduction to HDI PCB Technology High Density Interconnect (HDI) printed circuit boards represent the cutting edge of PCB technology, enabling the production of smaller, faster, and more complex electronic devices. As consumer electronics continue to demand more functionality in increasingly compact form factors, HDI technology has become essential for modern PCB manufacturing. At the heart…
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Key Components in Functional PCB Testing
ByGrace June 1, 2025May 29, 2025
Introduction Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are the backbone of modern electronics, found in everything from consumer gadgets to industrial machinery. Ensuring their functionality is critical, and functional PCB testing plays a pivotal role in verifying that a PCB operates as intended before deployment. This process involves checking electrical performance, signal integrity, and overall reliability. Several…
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Post-Layout PCB Checklist: Essential Verification Steps After Routing
ByGrace June 1, 2025May 29, 2025
After completing the PCB (Printed Circuit Board) layout and routing, thorough verification is crucial to ensure functionality, reliability, and manufacturability. Skipping critical checks can lead to signal integrity issues, power delivery problems, or even complete board failures. This article outlines a comprehensive post-PCB-routing checklist covering electrical, mechanical, and manufacturing considerations. 1. Design Rule Check (DRC)…
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PCB Antenna Design: Principles, Techniques, and Practical Considerations
ByGrace June 1, 2025May 29, 2025
Introduction to PCB Antennas Printed Circuit Board (PCB) antennas have become increasingly popular in modern wireless communication systems due to their compact size, low cost, and ease of integration with electronic circuits. These antennas are fabricated directly onto the PCB substrate, eliminating the need for separate antenna components and reducing assembly complexity. PCB antennas are…
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High Precision ADC PCB Layout: Best Practices and Design Considerations
ByGrace June 1, 2025May 29, 2025
Introduction High-precision analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are critical components in applications such as medical instrumentation, industrial sensing, and high-fidelity data acquisition systems. However, achieving the full performance of a high-resolution ADC (e.g., 16-bit, 18-bit, or 24-bit) requires careful printed circuit board (PCB) layout. Poor layout practices can introduce noise, distortion, and signal integrity issues, degrading the…
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Why PCB Design Needs 3D Capabilities: A Comprehensive Analysis
ByGrace May 31, 2025May 28, 2025
Introduction In the rapidly evolving world of electronics design, Printed Circuit Board (PCB) design has undergone a significant transformation from purely 2D layouts to sophisticated 3D modeling environments. This shift represents more than just a technological trend—it has become an essential requirement for modern electronics development. As electronic devices continue to shrink in size while…
Read More Why PCB Design Needs 3D Capabilities: A Comprehensive Analysis
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PCB Design Guide for Decoupling Capacitor Placement
ByGrace May 31, 2025May 28, 2025
Introduction Decoupling capacitors are essential components in printed circuit board (PCB) design, serving to stabilize power supply voltages and reduce noise in high-speed digital and analog circuits. Proper placement and selection of decoupling capacitors can significantly impact signal integrity, power delivery network (PDN) performance, and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). This guide provides best practices for placing…
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How to Achieve Low-Cost PCB Design and Layout
ByGrace May 31, 2025May 28, 2025
Introduction Printed Circuit Board (PCB) design and layout represent a significant portion of electronic product development costs. As electronics continue to permeate every aspect of modern life—from consumer gadgets to industrial equipment—the pressure to reduce PCB costs without compromising quality has never been greater. This article explores practical strategies for achieving low-cost PCB design and…
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PCB Desmearing and Hole Wall Control: Techniques and Best Practices
ByGrace May 31, 2025May 28, 2025
Abstract This paper examines the critical processes of desmearing and hole wall conditioning in printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing. As modern PCBs continue to evolve with higher density interconnects and smaller via diameters, proper removal of drilling debris and smear material becomes increasingly essential for reliable plating and electrical performance. The article details current chemical…
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DDR4 PCB Design and Simulation: Best Practices and Methodologies
ByGrace May 31, 2025May 28, 2025
Abstract This paper explores the critical aspects of DDR4 memory interface PCB design and simulation, providing engineers with comprehensive guidelines for implementing high-speed memory systems. Covering topology selection, routing constraints, power delivery network design, and advanced simulation techniques, the article presents a systematic approach to overcoming DDR4 design challenges. Through detailed analysis of signal integrity…
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Failure Mechanisms Behind Poor Solder Melting Phenomena in PCBs
ByGrace May 31, 2025May 28, 2025
Abstract Poor solder melting (or “cold solder”) is a common defect in printed circuit board (PCB) assembly, leading to weak joints, intermittent connections, and eventual circuit failure. This paper explores the underlying failure mechanisms behind poor solder melting, including metallurgical factors, process-related issues, and environmental influences. By analyzing root causes such as oxidation, insufficient thermal…
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PCB Silkscreen: A Comprehensive Guide
ByGrace May 31, 2025May 28, 2025
Introduction to PCB Silkscreen Printed Circuit Board (PCB) silkscreen, often referred to as “legend printing,” is a critical layer in PCB manufacturing that provides essential visual information on the board. The silkscreen layer includes component designators, polarity markers, logos, part numbers, and other annotations that help in assembly, debugging, and maintenance. Silkscreen printing is typically…
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