Grounding is undoubtedly one of the most difficult issues in system design. Although it is relatively simple in concept, it is complex to implement. Unfortunately, there is no concise, step-by-step method to ensure good results, but if some details are not handled correctly, they can cause headaches. “ground” is the reference point for signals. For…
Here is a simple “scenario” to introduce ground return and power return and some cross-segmentation issues in combination with the following figure. For the convenience of drawing, the layer spacing is enlarged. IC1 is the signal output end, IC2 is the signal input end (to simplify the PCB model, it is assumed that the receiving…
Circuit board design steps Generally speaking, the most basic process of designing a circuit board can be divided into three steps. (1)Design of circuit schematic: The design of circuit schematic mainly uses the schematic design system (Advanced Schematic) of PROTEL099 to draw a circuit schematic. In this process, we should make full use of the…
In PCB design, routing is an important step to complete product design. It can be said that the previous preparations are all done for it. In the entire PCB, the design process of routing is the most demanding, the most skillful, and the most labor-intensive. PCB routing includes single-sided routing, double-sided routing, and multi-layer routing….
With the emergence of high-speed DSPs (digital signal processors) and peripherals, new product designers are facing an increasingly serious threat of electromagnetic interference (EMI). In the early days, emission and interference issues were referred to as EMI or RFI (radio frequency interference). Now it is replaced by the more specific term “interference compatibility”. Electromagnetic compatibility…
Placing decoupling capacitors directly inside the IC package can effectively control EMI and improve signal integrity. This article starts with the internal packaging of the IC, analyzes the source of EMI, the role of IC packaging in EMI control, and then proposes 11 design rules for effective EMI control, including package selection, pin structure considerations,…
Safety distance includes electrical clearance (space distance), creepage distance (surface distance) and insulation penetration distance. Electrical clearance: the shortest distance between two adjacent conductors or one conductor and the adjacent motor housing surface measured along the air. Creep distance: the shortest distance between two adjacent conductors or one conductor and the adjacent motor housing surface…
A classic PCB temperature profiling system consists of the following components: · Data collection profiler, which passes through the middle of the furnace and collects temperature information from the PCB. · Thermocouples, which are attached to key components on the PCB and then connected to the accompanying profiler. · Thermal insulation, which protects the profiler…
Electromagnetic interference is widely present in various types of electronic and electrical equipment. Various electronic and electrical equipment will more or less emit electromagnetic waves when working, which will interfere with the normal operation of the entire equipment. In the design of electronic products, due to insufficient consideration of electromagnetic compatibility, some electrical and electronic…
Static electricity from the human body, environment, and even inside electronic devices can cause various damages to precision semiconductor chips, such as penetrating the thin insulation layer inside the components; damaging the gate of MOSFET and CMOS components; locking the trigger in the CMOS device; short-circuiting the reverse-biased PN junction; short-circuiting the forward-biased PN junction;…
The earlier the signal integrity (SI) problem is solved, the more efficient the design will be, thus avoiding the need to add termination devices after the circuit board design is completed. There are many tools and resources for SI design planning. This article explores the core issues of signal integrity and several methods to solve…
In recent years, my country has introduced a large number of advanced instruments and equipment, which are large in size, complex in structure and highly integrated. After years of use, these equipment have encountered great difficulties in maintenance, repair and spare parts guarantee. Since it is not a technology introduction, there is almost no technical…
Today, it is difficult to successfully design high-speed electronic systems without a thorough understanding of the power supply system characteristics of chips, packaging structures and PCBs. In fact, in order to meet lower power supply voltages, faster signal flipping speeds, higher integration and many increasingly challenging requirements, many companies at the forefront of electronic design…
Digital devices are developing in the direction of high speed, low power consumption, small size and high anti-interference. This development trend has put forward many new requirements for the design of printed circuit boards. The application of Protel software in China has been quite common. However, many designers only focus on the “routing rate” of…
1 Fully understand the design requirements of all parties and determine the appropriate solution When starting a hardware development project, the original driving force will come from many aspects, such as market needs, needs based on the entire system architecture, functional implementation needs of the application software department, needs to improve certain aspects of the…
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