Sustainable PCB Design: Principles, Practices, and Future Directions
Introduction Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are the backbone of modern electronics, found in everything from smartphones to industrial machinery. However, the environmental impact of PCB manufacturing and disposal is significant, contributing to electronic waste (e-waste), toxic pollution, and resource depletion. Sustainable PCB design aims to mitigate these impacts by incorporating eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient processes, and…














