The Adverse Effects of Fingerprints on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)
Introduction Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) serve as the fundamental building blocks of modern electronics, providing mechanical support and electrical connections for various components. In the manufacturing, handling, and assembly processes, human contact with PCBs is often unavoidable. However, fingerprints—seemingly innocuous marks—can have significant detrimental effects on PCB performance and reliability. This paper examines the multifaceted…















