pcb design

Introduction Printed Circuit Board (PCB) reverse engineering, often referred to as PCB “剖制” in Chinese technical terminology, is the process of analyzing and reconstructing the design of an existing PCB. This practice serves numerous legitimate purposes including legacy system maintenance, competitive analysis (where legal), repair of equipment with unavailable documentation, and educational research. As technology…

Introduction Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects, which can cause severe damage to electronic components. In printed circuit board (PCB) design, ESD protection is critical to ensuring the reliability and longevity of electronic devices. Without proper safeguards, ESD can lead to catastrophic failures, latent defects, or reduced…