What is an HDI stackup? HDI stands for High Density Interconnect. An HDI printed circuit board is characterized by a high density of components and routed interconnections. HDI design is inherently a high-performance design. It features fine lines and spaces (≤100µm), small vias (<150µm), small capture pads (<400µm) and high connection pad density (>20 pads/cm2). The small…
How to Reduce Signal Attenuation in High-Speed PCBs As a signal travels from the source to the load through PCB conductors, the signal is attenuated due to trace resistance and dielectric losses, resulting in energy loss. Signal attenuation is the most common term used when high-speed signals travel across a circuit board. It is one…
The proliferation of handheld wireless communication devices and remote control devices is driving significant growth in demand for hybrid analog, digital and RF designs. Handheld devices, base stations, remote controls, Bluetooth devices, computer wireless communications capabilities, numerous consumer appliances, and military/aerospace systems now require RF technology. For several years, RF design has required professional designers…
1. How to choose PCB board material? The choice of PCB board material must strike a balance between meeting design requirements and mass production and cost. The design requirements include both electrical and mechanical components. Usually this material issue will be more important when designing very high-speed PCB boards (frequency greater than GHz). For example, the dielectric…
Circuit boards catching fire, components smoking, or even exploding are the daily routine of many electronic engineers, especially power boards that require excessive current. High voltage and current are very easy to catch fire – so how to avoid pitfalls? For this kind of problem In this case, of course I choose to design it…
The circuit material of a printed circuit board (PCB) is a key building block of radio frequency (RF)/microwave circuits – essentially the starting point for these circuits. PCB materials come in many different forms, and material selection depends largely on the requirements of the intended application. For example, materials that reliably support high-frequency circuits in…
Do you know “Why PCB must be baked before the SMT passes through the reflow oven after it expires and exceeds the shelf life”? The main purpose of PCB baking is to remove moisture and remove moisture contained in the PCB or absorbed from the outside world, because the materials used in some PCBs can…
1.what is metal core pcb At the heart of a Metal Core PCB is its distinctive structure. Unlike traditional PCBs, which are typically composed of fiberglass or other non-metallic substrates, Metal Core PCBs incorporate a metal base, usually aluminum, copper, or a mixture of special alloys. This metal core serves as the foundation upon which the other layers are…
1.What is Copper based pcb Copper-based printed circuit boards (PCBs) are a fundamental component in modern electronics,Serving as the backbone for a wide array of devices. These PCBs are distinguished by their use of copper as the primary conductive material,Which is essential for the transmission of electrical signals. To understand the significance of copper-based PCBs,It…
Noise and amplifiers are inevitable. The purpose of reducing noise discussed here is to reduce it to an acceptable range, but it is not and cannot completely eradicate it. In other words, the signal-to-noise ratio can only be improved as much as possible. But it cannot be infinite. Below we will first briefly analyze the…
Radiation generation Current causes radiation, not voltage, static charges produce electrostatic fields, constant currents produce magnetic fields, and time-varying currents produce both electric and magnetic fields. There are common mode current and differential mode current in any circuit. The differential mode signal carries data or useful signal, and the common mode signal is the negative…
1 Introduction In the production process of circuit boards, most manufacturers still use the wet film process for imaging due to cost considerations, which will inevitably cause undesirable problems such as “bleeding, bright edges (tin thin)” when pattern plating pure tin. In view of this , I will discuss with you the solutions to common…
Detection before power on After a circuit board is soldered, when checking whether the circuit board can work normally, you usually do not directly power the circuit board, but follow the following steps. It is not too late to power on after ensuring that there are no problems in each step. 1. Is the connection…
Figure 1(a), shows a simulation of vertical heat flow from a trace across the board to the other side. Simulations are for 100 mil wide, 1.0 oz. On the top layer of a 63 mil thick FR4 board, the thick traces are heated to almost 58 oC. This number seems impressive, but it is misleading…
LED display unit board PCB design rules 1. General principles (1) When the design rules are met, the production cost should be reduced as much as possible. For example, if two-layer boards can be used, try to use two-layer boards; when the cost conflicts with the design rules, the design rules should be guaranteed. (2)…
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